Introduction
The Quebec Ministry of the Environment recently published (December 2023) the document entitled "Inventaire Québécois desémissions des principales contaminants décoratifs en 2021 et leur évolution depuis 1990". This publication offers a crucial overview of the state of air quality in Quebec, highlighting emerging trends and efforts to reduce emissions. In this article, we will explore the key findings of the report, highlighting positive developments as well as persistent challenges in the fight against air pollution.
Emissions down, but challenges remain
Overall, emissions of key air contaminants in Quebec have declined significantly since 1990, reflecting ongoing efforts to reduce the environmental impact of human activities. However, a worrying finding is emerging: emissions of respirable particles (PM10) and total particles (PM) increased significantly in 2021, by 34.7% and 20.6% respectively. These particles, mainly from the dust sector, pose a major challenge for air quality.
Influence of various factors
The evolution of air emissions is influenced by several factors, including the opening and closing of establishments, changes in production and improvements in energy efficiency. For PM and PM10, the increase in emissions is attributable to the increase in the number of vehicles and kilometres travelled, as well as the growth in construction sites. These elements modulate the emission profile and underline the importance of considering different sectors of activity in emission reduction strategies.
Fine particles and their implications
PM2.5 emissions, also from the dust sector, reached 100.4 kt in 2021. However, a glimmer of hope emerges with a decrease of 19.5% compared to the baseline period. This reduction is mainly attributed to the closure of industrial establishments and the substitution of fuels used, highlighting the effectiveness of the control measures put in place.
Transport and CO and NOx emissions
Emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from the transport sector have decreased significantly, by 55.0% and 58.6% respectively. This decrease is the result of the increase in the number of catalysts on mobile equipment and their improvement in efficiency. This progress reflects technological advances in the transport sector, thus contributing to the reduction of atmospheric emissions.
Significant reduction of VOCs and SO2
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) recorded a notable decrease of 46.9% in 2021, mainly due to technological developments in the transport sector, as well as changes in paint and product formulations. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions also fell by 73.5% between 1990 and 2021, thanks to industrial emission controls and strict regulations.
Impacts on human health and the environment
The report highlights the harmful consequences of the presence of these contaminants in ambient air, such as the formation of smog, the deterioration of ecosystems and risks to cardiovascular and respiratory health. These effects highlight the crucial importance of closely monitoring the evolution of these emissions to prevent and reduce the consequences on the quality of life of Quebecers.
Conclusion
The 2021 Quebec Air Emissions Inventory provides a detailed perspective on the progress made and the ongoing challenges in air quality. While significant efforts have been made to reduce emissions, the increase in fine and suspended particles underscores the continued need for innovation and targeted measures. Vigilance and commitment to sustainable practices remain essential to preserving human health and the environment in Quebec.
Ministry of the Environment, the Fight against Climate Change, Wildlife and Parks
https://www.environnement.gouv.qc.ca/air/entreprises/entreprises-contaminants-2021.pdf
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